Casper Schalkwijk

Professor

Prof. Casper Schalkwijk studied chemistry at University Utrecht and graduated in biochemistry. At the same university he obtained his PhD in 1992. He did post-graduate training in endothelial cell biology at TNO-PG in Leiden. He was appointed in 1995 as assistant professor and staff member at the Department of Clinical Chemistry at the Vrije Universiteit Medical Cente in Amsterdam and from 2004 as associate professor. He has led the Vascular Unit. He moved to the Department of Internal Medicine at Maastricht University in 2005, where he is heading the Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine (~15fte). He was appointed as Professor of Experimental Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht UMC+ in 2011.

His main research themes are obesity, insulin resistance, endothelial function and vascular complications. The importance of endothelial dysfunction for the development of diabetic complications is studied in epidemiological setting with the availability of several cohorts and with experimental ex-vivo -, animal - and cell work. He has led several clinical studies. A major aim of his programme is to deliver specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for the identification of patients developing  type 2 diabetes and to identify patients with high risk of vascular complications. Robust analytical techniques for measurements of biomarkers with multi-array technology and with UPLC-MSMS are available. A second aim of his programme is to obtain insight in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. His current studies focus mainly on the importance non-enzymatic glycation for the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. He discovered, as one of the first, the link between AGEs and vascular complications in individuals with and without diabetes. He is an (inter)nationally recognised expert in the field of glycation. His lab is one of the most renowned labs in this field.The work has been supported by several grants and is now granted by the Diabetes Fonds Nederland, EFSD, NWO, ZonMw and NVWA.

Department of Internal Medicine
Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht
PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht
Room number: 5.324
T: +31(0)43 388 21 86

  • 2017
    • Mitsides, N., Cornelis, T., Broers, N. J. H., Diederen, N. M. P., Brenchley, P., van der Sande, F. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kooman, J. P., & Mitra, S. (2017). Extracellular overhydration linked with endothelial dysfunction in the context of inflammation in haemodialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. PLOS ONE, 12(8), Article 0183281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183281
    • Hanssen, N. M. J., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Jorsal, A., Parving, H.-H., Tarnow, L., Rossing, P., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2017). Higher Plasma Methylglyoxal Levels Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A 12-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes, 66(8), 2278-2283. https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-1578
    • Sörensen, B. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Schouten, J. S. A. G., Kroon, A. A., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Henry, R. M. A., Koster, A., Reesink, K. D., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schram, M. T., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Hyperglycemia Is the Main Mediator of Prediabetes- and Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Impairment of Microvascular Function: The Maastricht Study. Diabetes Care, 40(8), e103-e105. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0574
    • Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Houben, A. J. H. M., Kooi, M. E., Lindeboom, L., 't Roodt, J. O., Joris, P. J., Plat, J., Mensink, R. P., Barrett, E. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Independent tissue contributors to obesity-associated insulin resistance. JCI INSIGHT, 2(13), Article e89695. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.89695
    • Koole, D., van Herwaarden, J. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Lafeber, F. P. J. G., Vink, A., Smeets, M. B., Pasterkamp, G., & Moll, F. L. (2017). A potential role for glycated cross-links in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 65(5), 1493-1503.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2016.04.028
    • Veugen, M. G. J., Henry, R. M. A., van Sloten, T. T., Hermeling, E., Brunner-La Rocca, H.-P., Schram, M. T., Dagnelie, P. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kroon, A. A., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Reesink, K. D. (2017). The systolic-diastolic difference in carotid stiffness is increased in type 2 diabetes: The Maastricht Study. Journal of Hypertension, 35(5), 1052-1060. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001298
    • Peeters, S. A., Engelen, L., Buijs, J., Jorsal, A., Parving, H. .-H., Tarnow, L., Rossing, P., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Plasma matrix metalloproteinases are associated with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 16(1), Article 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0539-1
    • de Vos, L. C., Boersema, J., Hillebrands, J. L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Meerwaldt, R., Breek, J. C., Smit, A. J., Zeebregts, C. J., & Lefrandt, J. D. (2017). Diverging effects of diabetes mellitus in patients with peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm and the role of advanced glycation end-products: ARTERY study - protocol for a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(4), Article e012584. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012584
    • Fokkens, B. T., Mulder, D. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Scheijen, J. L., Smit, A. J., & Los, L. I. (2017). Vitreous advanced glycation endproducts and alpha-dicarbonyls in retinal detachment patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls. PLOS ONE, 12(3), Article e0173379. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173379
    • Skovgaard, D., Svensson, R. B., Scheijen, J., Eliasson, P., Mogensen, P., Hag, A. M. F., Kjær, M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schjerling, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Couppé, C. (2017). An advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-rich diet promotes accumulation of AGEs in Achilles tendon. Physiological Reports, 5(6), Article e13215. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13215
    • van Moorsel, D., Henry, R. M., Schaper, N. C., van Greevenbroek, M. M., van Rossum, E. F., 't Hart, L. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., van der Kallen, C. J., Dekker, J. M., Stehouwer, C. D., & Havekes, B. (2017). BclI Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism in Relation to Arterial Stiffening and Cardiac Structure and Function: The Hoorn and CODAM Studies. American Journal of Hypertension, 30(3), 286-294. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpw196
    • den Biggelaar, L. J. C. J., Sep, S. J. S., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Mari, A., Ferrannini, E., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Dagnelie, P. C. (2017). Discriminatory ability of simple OGTT-based beta cell function indices for prediction of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: the CODAM study. Diabetologia, 60(3), 432-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4165-3
    • Wouters, K., Gaens, K., Bijnen, M., Verboven, K., Jocken, J., Wetzels, S., Wijnands, E., Hansen, D., van Greevenbroek, M., Duijvestijn, A. M., Biessen, E. A. L., Blaak, E. E., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2017). Circulating classical monocytes are associated with CD11c(+) macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue. Scientific Reports, 7, Article 42665. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42665
    • Wetzels, S., Wouters, K., Schalkwijk, C. G., Vanmierlo, T., & Hendriks, J. J. A. (2017). Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Multiple Sclerosis. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(2), Article 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020421
    • van Bussel, B. C. T., van de Poll, M. C. G., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Bergmans, D. C. J. J. (2017). Increased Dicarbonyl Stress as a Novel Mechanism of Multi-Organ Failure in Critical Illness. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(2), Article 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020346
    • Barutta, F., Bruno, G., Matullo, G., Chaturvedi, N., Grimaldi, S., Schalkwijk, C., Stehouwer, C. D., Fuller, J. H., & Gruden, G. (2017). MicroRNA-126 and micro-/macrovascular complications of type 1 diabetes in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Acta Diabetologica, 54(2), 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-016-0915-4
    • van Iterson, M., van Zwet, E. W., Heijmans, B. T., 't Hoen, P. A. C., van Meurs, J., Jansen, R., Franke, L., Boomsma, D. I., Pool, R., van Dongen, J., Hottenga, J. J., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Wijmenga, C., Zhernakova, S., Tigchelaar, E. F., Eline Slagboom, P., ... BIOS Consortium (2017). Controlling bias and inflation in epigenome- and transcriptome-wide association studies using the empirical null distribution. Genome Biology, 18(1), Article 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1131-9
    • van der Vorst, E. P. C., Theodorou, K., Wu, Y., Hoeksema, M. A., Goossens, P., Bursill, C. A., Aliyev, T., Huitema, L. F. A., Tas, S. W., Wolfs, I. M. J., Kuijpers, M. J. E., Gijbels, M. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Koonen, D. P. Y., Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., McDaniels, K., Wang, C.-C., Leitges, M., Lawrence, T., ... Donners, M. M. P. C. (2017). High-Density Lipoproteins Exert Pro-inflammatory Effects on Macrophages via Passive Cholesterol Depletion and PKC-NF-kappa B/STAT1-IRF1 Signaling. Cell Metabolism, 25(1), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.013
    • van Dooren, F. E. P., Pouwer, F., Schalkwijk, C. G., Sep, S. J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Henry, R. M. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Denollet, J., Verhey, F. R. J., & Schram, M. T. (2017). Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Accumulation in the Skin is Associated with Depression: The Maastricht Study. Depression and Anxiety, 34(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22527
    • Joris, P. J., Plat, J., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Mensink, R. P. (2017). Diet-induced weight loss improves not only cardiometabolic risk markers but also markers of vascular function: a randomized controlled trial in abdominally obese men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.143552
    • Bonder, M. J., Luijk, R., Zhernakova, D. V., Moed, M., Deelen, P., Vermaat, M., van Iterson, M., van Dijk, F., van Galen, M., Bot, J., Slieker, R. C., Jhamai, P. M., Verbiest, M., Suchiman, H. E. D., Verkerk, M., van der Breggen, R., van Rooij, J., Lakenberg, N., Arindrarto, W., ... Franke, L. (2017). Disease variants alter transcription factor levels and methylation of their binding sites. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3721
    • Zhernakova, D. V., Deelen, P., Vermaat, M., van Iterson, M., van Galen, M., Arindrarto, W., van 't Hof, P., Mei, H., van Dijk, F., Westra, H.-J., Bonder, M. J., van Rooij, J., Verkerk, M., Jhamai, P. M., Moed, M., Kielbasa, S. M., Bot, J., Nooren, I., Pool, R., ... Franke, L. (2017). Identification of context-dependent expression quantitative trait loci in whole blood. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3737
    • Pearce, K., Hatzinikolas, A., Moran, L., de Courten, M. P. J., Forbes, J., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Walker, K., & de Courten, B. (2017). Disparity in the micronutrient content of diets high or low in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) does not explain changes in insulin sensitivity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 68(8), 1021-1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2017.1319468
    • Mitsides, N., Cornelis, T., Broers, N. J. H., Diederen, N. M. P., Brenchley, P., Heitink-ter Braak, N., van der Sande, F. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kooman, J. P., & Mitra, S. (2017). Inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors Linked to Longitudinal Microvascular Changes in Hemodialysis Patients Irrespective of Treatment Dose Intensity. Kidney & Blood Pressure Research, 43(5), 905-918. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485048
  • 2016
    • Ras, R. T., Fuchs, D., Koppenol, W. P., Schalkwijk, C. G., Otten-Hofman, A., Garczarek, U., Greyling, A., Wagner, F., & Trautwein, E. A. (2016). Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5, Article e44. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.40
    • Reynaert, N. L., Gopal, P., Rutten, E. P. A., Wouters, E. F. M., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Advanced glycation end products and their receptor in age-related, non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases; Overview of clinical evidence and potential contributions to disease. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 81(Part B), 403-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.016
    • Martens, R. J. H., Henry, R. M. A., Houben, A. J. H. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Kroon, A. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schram, M. T., Sep, S. J. S., Schaper, N. C., Dagnelie, P. C., Muris, D. M. J., Gronenschild, E. H. B. M., van der Sande, F. M., Leunissen, K. M. L., Kooman, J. P., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2016). Capillary Rarefaction Associates with Albuminuria: The Maastricht Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 27(12), 3748-3757. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2015111219
    • Begieneman, M. P. V., Emmens, R. W., Rijvers, L., Woudstra, L., Paulus, W. J., Kubat, B., Vonk, A. B. A., van Rossum, A. C., Wouters, D., Zeerleder, S., van Ham, M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Niessen, H. W. M., & Krijnen, P. A. J. (2016). Myocardial infarction induces atrial inflammation that can be prevented by C1-esterase inhibitor. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 69(12), 1093-1099. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203639
    • Fokkens, B. T., Mulder, D. J., Nugteren, M. B., Schalkwijk, C. G., Scheijen, J. L., Smit, A. J., & Los, L. I. (2016). Surface Area of Detachment, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, and Pulse Pressure, but not AGEs, are Associated With Retinal Redetachment. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57(15), 6633-6638. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-20735
    • Grassi, D., Draijer, R., Schalkwijk, C., Desideri, G., D'Angeli, A., Francavilla, S., Mulder, T., & Ferri, C. (2016). Black Tea Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Flow Mediated Dilatation Counteracting Deleterious Effects from a Fat Load in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients, 8(11), Article UNSP 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110727
    • Nokin, M.-J., Durieux, F., Peixoto, P., Chiavarina, B., Peulen, O., Blomme, A., Turtoi, A., Costanza, B., Smargiasso, N., Baiwir, D., Scheijen, J. L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Leenders, J., De Tullio, P., Bianchi, E., Thiry, M., Uchida, K., Spiegel, D. A., Cochrane, J. R., ... Bellahcene, A. (2016). Methylglyoxal, a glycolysis side-product, induces Hsp90 glycation and YAP-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Elife, 5(OCTOBER2016), Article e19375. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.19375
    • Simons, N., Dekker, J. M., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Nijpels, G., 't Hart, L. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schaper, N. C., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2016). A Common Gene Variant in Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Interacts With Glucose Metabolism on Diabetic Dyslipidemia: the Combined CODAM and Hoorn Studies. Diabetes Care, 39(10), 1811-1817. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0153
    • Mommersteeg, P. M. C., Schoemaker, R. G., Naude, P. J. W., Eisel, U. L. M., Garrelds, I. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Westerhuis, B. W. J. J. M., Kop, W. J., & Denollet, J. (2016). Depression and markers of inflammation as predictors of all-cause mortality in heart failure. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 57, 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.012
    • Hrolfsdottir, L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Birgisdottir, B. E., Gunnarsdottir, I., Maslova, E., Granstrom, C., Strom, M., Olsen, S. F., & Halldorsson, T. I. (2016). Maternal Diet, Gestational Weight Gain, and Inflammatory Markers During Pregnancy. Obesity, 24(10), 2133-2139. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21617
    • van Eupen, M. G. A., Schram, M. T., van Sloten, T. T., Scheijen, J., Sep, S. J. S., van der Kallen, C. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Koster, A., Schaper, N., Henry, R. M. A., Kroon, A. A., Smit, A. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Skin Autofluorescence and Pentosidine Are Associated With Aortic Stiffening: The Maastricht Study. Hypertension, 68(4), 956-963. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07446
    • Slieker, R. C., van Iterson, M., Luijk, R., Beekman, M., Zhernakova, D. V., Moed, M. H., Mei, H., van Galen, M., Deelen, P., Bonder, M. J., Zhernakova, A., Uitterlinden, A. G., Tigchelaar, E. F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Hofman, A., van Heemst, D., de Geus, E. J., ... Heijmans, B. T. (2016). Age-related accrual of methylomic variability is linked to fundamental ageing mechanisms. Genome Biology (Online), 17(1), Article 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1053-6
    • Maessen, D. E., Hanssen, N. M., Lips, M. A., Scheijen, J. L., van Dijk, K. W., Pijl, H., Stehouwer, C. D., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Energy restriction and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reduce postprandial alpha-dicarbonyl stress in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 59(9), 2013-2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4009-1
    • Meertens, J. H., Nienhuis, H. L., Lefrandt, J. D., Schalkwijk, C. G., Nyyssonen, K., Ligtenberg, J. J. M., Smit, A. J., Zijlstra, J. G., & Mulder, D. J. (2016). The Course of Skin and Serum Biomarkers of Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Its Association with Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Disease Severity, and Mortality during ICU Admission in Critically Ill Patients: Results from a Prospective Pilot Study. PLOS ONE, 11(8), Article e0160893. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160893
    • van Dooren, F. E. P., Schram, M. T., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Henry, R. M. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Sep, S. J. S., Denollet, J., Verhey, F. R. J., & Pouwer, F. (2016). Associations of low grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with depression - The Maastricht Study. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 56, 390-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.004
    • Brouwers, O., Yu, L., Niessen, P., Slenter, J., Jaspers, K., Wagenaar, A., Post, M., Miyata, T., Backes, W., Stehouwer, C., Huijberts, M., & Schalkwijk, C. (2016). Glyoxalase-1 overexpression partially prevents diabetes-induced impaired arteriogenesis in a rat hindlimb ligation model. Glycoconjugate Journal, 33(4), 627-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-016-9681-3
    • Linssen, P. B. C., Henry, R. M. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Brunner-La Rocca, H., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2016). Serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in normal glucose metabolism but not in type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Study. Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research, 13(4), 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164116640680
    • Dekkers, K. F., van Iterson, M., Slieker, R. C., Moed, M. H., Bonder, M. J., van Galen, M., Mei, H., Zhernakova, D. V., van den Berg, L. H., Deelen, J., van Dongen, J., van Heemst, D., Hofman, A., Hottenga, J. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Tigchelaar, E. F., Uitterlinden, A. G., ... Heijmans, B. T. (2016). Blood lipids influence DNA methylation in circulating cells. Genome Biology (Online), 17(1), Article 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1000-6
    • Annema, W., Dikkers, A., de Boer, J. F., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Dullaart, R. P. F., & Tietge, U. J. F. (2016). Impaired HDL cholesterol efflux in metabolic syndrome is unrelated to glucose tolerance status: the CODAM study. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 27367. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27367
    • de Courten, B., de Courten, M. P. J., Soldatos, G., Dougherty, S. L., Straznicky, N., Schlaich, M., Sourris, K. C., Chand, V., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Kingwell, B. A., Cooper, M. E., Schalkwijk, C. G., Walker, K. Z., & Forbes, J. M. (2016). Diet low in advanced glycation end products increases insulin sensitivity in healthy overweight individuals: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(6), 1426-1433. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125427
    • Hertle, E., Arts, I. C. W., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Feskens, E. J. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Hoffmann-Petersen, I. T., Thiel, S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2016). Distinct Longitudinal Associations of MBL, MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, and MAp44 With Endothelial Dysfunction and Intima-Media Thickness The Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 36(6), 1278-1285. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306552
    • van der Leeuw, J., Beulens, J. W. J., van Dieren, S., Schalkwijk, C. G., Glatz, J. F. C., Hofker, M. H., Verschuren, W. M. M., Boer, J. M. A., van der Graaf, Y., Visseren, F. L. J., Peelen, L. M., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2016). Novel Biomarkers to Improve the Prediction of Cardiovascular Event Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(6), Article e003048. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.003048
    • van den Oever, I. A. M., van Sij, A. M., Baylan, U., ter Wee, M. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Krijnen, P. A. J., Nurmohamed, M. T., Voskuyl, A. E., Niessen, H. W. M., & Simsek, S. (2016). Comparing inflammatory cell density in the myocardium and coronary arteries in rheumatoid arthritis patients versus controls with myocardial infarction: A post-mortem case-control study. International Journal of Cardiology, 209, 74-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.065
    • Maessen, D. E., Brouwers, O., Gaens, K. H., Wouters, K., Cleutjens, J. P., Janssen, B. J., Miyata, T., Stehouwer, C. D., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Delayed Intervention With Pyridoxamine Improves Metabolic Function and Prevents Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes, 65(4), 956-966. https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-1390
    • BIOS Consortium, van Greevenbroek, M., Stehouwer, C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., & Schalkwijk, C. (2016). Genetic and environmental influences interact with age and sex in shaping the human methylome. Nature Communications, 7, Article 11115. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11115
    • Fuijkschot, W. W., de Graaff, H. J., Berishvili, E., Kakabadze, Z., Kupreishvili, K., Meinster, E., Houtman, M., van Broekhoven, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Vonk, A. B. A., Krijnen, P. A. J., Smulders, Y. M., & Niessen, H. W. N. (2016). Prevention of age-induced N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine accumulation in the microvasculature. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46(4), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12599